david hume

A Treatise of Human Nature

First published 1739–40
i
Introduction
Nothing is more usual and more natural for those, who pretend to discover any thing new to the world in philosophy and the sciences, than…

Book 1: Of the understanding

ii
Part I: Of ideas, their origin, composition, connexion, abstraction, etc.
All the perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall call Impressions and Ideas. The difference…
iii
Part II: Of the ideas of space and time
Whatever has the air of a paradox, and is contrary to the first and most unprejudic'd notions of mankind is often greedily embrac'd by…
iv
Part III: Of knowledge and probability
There are 1seven different kinds of philosophical relation, viz. resemblance, identity, relations of time and place, proportion in quantity…
v
Part IV: Of the sceptical and other systems of philosophy
In all demonstrative sciences the rules are certain and infallible; but when we apply them, our fallible and uncertain faculties are very…

Book 2: Of the passions

vi
Part I: Of pride and humility
As all the perceptions of the mind may be divided into impressions and ideas, so the impressions admit of another division into original…
vii
Part II: Of love and hatred.
’Tis altogether impossible to give any definition of the passions of love and hatred; and that because they produce merely a simple…
viii
Part III: Of the will and direct passions.
We come now to explain the direct passions, or the impressions, which arise immediately from good or evil, from pain or pleasure. Of this…

Book 3: Of morals

ix
Part I: Of virtue and vice in general.
There is an inconvenience which attends all abstruse reasoning, that it may silence, without convincing an antagonist, and requires the…
x
Part II: Of justice and injustice.
I have already hinted, that our sense of every kind of virtue is not natural; but that there are some virtues, that produce pleasure and…
xi
PART III: Of the other virtues and vices.
We come now to the examination of such virtues and vices as are entirely natural, and have no dependence on the artifice and contrivance of…
xii
Appendix
There is nothing I wou'd more willingly lay hold of, than an opportunity of confessing my errors; and shou'd esteem such a return to truth…